Scottish Wildlife that May be Lost.

As climate change continues to change Scotland's landscape and biodiversity, there are some native animals that could disappear. Either by relocating, or going extinct.

---

Words by Thomas McCann

Scotland boasts a wide array of interesting animals, from the ever-advertised Highland Cow (or "Coo") to the unusual and unique Capercaillie. However, it is projected that 20% of our important wildlife is currently under threat.

Climate change can be listed as a cause of death for many species that have vanished across the globe over the last 100 years or so. These are some endangered species that swim in Scotland's waters and roam across its land , and they can still be saved if action is taken.

White Beaked Dolphin (Lagenorhynchun albirostris) :

Some may be surprised to learn that dolphins can be found off the coast of Scotland, in fact around 80% of the European population of White Beaked Dolphins make their homes around the UK.

White beaked dolphins are native to the Atlantic.

This particular mammal is fond of the cold waters of the Atlantic, therefore it is no surprise to spot one along the Scottish coast. But the cold waters of Scotland may not be so cold anymore, global warming is causing a rise in ocean temperatures, and warmer waters spreading from around the tropics is having a knock-on effect on wildlife. It is predicted that any further warming of our waters could cause these dolphins to make their home elsewhere, further North.

Arctic Charr (Salvelinus alpinus) :

The artic charr have been swimming around since the end of the last Ice Age. A species so ancient, they are regarded as the most likely freshwater fish to be the first to populate Scotland's waters after that period of time.

Arctic charr are among Scotland's oldest animal species.

Often found in freshwater lochs, these colourful creatures present a complex challenge to conservationists. If water temperatures continue rising, it is expected to be lethal for this species, and as they are situated in lochs that they cannot swim away from, it is a challenge these animals cannot fix themselves.

According to the UK Biodiversity Action Plan, artic charr are among one of the most threatened species in this country. They require immediate conservation action.

Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) :

The "cock of the woods" is its slightly more mysterious name, but most would know it as the capercaillie.

The largest member of the grouse family, these birds can be found in Scotland's woodland areas, but perhaps not for much longer.

The capercaillie is often found in Scottish woodlands.

The species actually became extinct at the dawn of the 19th century, but they began to be reintroduced in the 1830s. The numbers by which these birds are disappearing have slowed in recent years, but there is still concerns as many of them have abandoned their historical homes, opting to roam the woodlands of other areas such as Strathspey.

Deforestation and predators still pose a threat to the capercaillie, colder winters also affect their breeding season, leading to a decrease in numbers.

Red Squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) :

One of the most beloved animals in Scotland, red squirrels have found themselves under threat ever since the arrival of their pesky neighbour. The larger, non-native predator, the grey squirrel.

The large decrease in numbers caused by predators, as well as deforestation, has led to red squirrels becoming an endangered species.

Red squirrels are often hunted by predators.

Although they remain a rare site in Scotland, there are protected spaces set up for them that are safe from predators. Those visiting Scotland will find the Highlands to be their best bet at catching a glimpse of the elusive animal.

While there are many species still under threat in Scotland such as puffins, red deer, pine martens and wildcats, conservation work is underway. Some impacts of climate change may be irreversible, but it is not too late for these animals to recover and thrive in Scotland's diverse mix of wildlife.